Chapter 20
Jesus’ Authority Challenged
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- One day [as Jesus] was teaching the people in the temple [courts] and proclaiming the gospel, the chief priests and scribes, together with the elders, came up [to Him].
Καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν μιᾷ τῶν ἡμερῶν αὐτοῦ διδάσκοντος τὸν λαὸν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ καὶ εὐαγγελιζομένου οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖς σὺν τοῖς πρεσβυτέροις ἐπέστησαν Kai egeneto en mia tōn hēmerōn autou didaskontos ton laon en tō hierō kai euangelizomenou hoi archiereis kai hoi grammateis syn tois presbyterois epestēsan — NA/TR · 1
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“Tell us, - they said -, “by what authority are You doing these things, [and] who - gave You this authority?
Εἰπὸν ἡμῖν καὶ εἶπαν λέγοντες πρὸς αὐτόν ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ποιεῖς ταῦτα ἢ τίς ἐστιν ὁ δούς σοι ταύτην τὴν ἐξουσίαν Eipon hēmin kai eipan legontes pros auton en poia exousia poieis tauta ē tis estin ho dous soi tautēn tēn exousian — NA/TR · 2
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vvv “I will also ask you a question, - [Jesus] replied -. “Tell Me:
κἀγὼ Ἐρωτήσω ὑμᾶς λόγον δὲ Ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς καὶ εἴπατέ μοι kagō Erōtēsō hymas logon de Apokritheis eipen pros autous kai eipate moi — NA/TR · 3
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John’s baptism— was it from heaven, or from men?
Ἰωάννου Τὸ βάπτισμα ἦν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἢ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων Iōannou To baptisma ēn ex ouranou ē ex anthrōpōn — NA/TR · 4
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- They deliberated among themselves [and] said, “If we say, ‘From heaven, He will ask, ‘Why… vvv did you not believe him?
δὲ Οἱ συνελογίσαντο πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς λέγοντες ὅτι Ἐὰν εἴπωμεν Ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἐρεῖ Διὰ τί οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ de Hoi synelogisanto pros heautous legontes hoti Ean eipōmen Ex ouranou erei Dia ti ouk episteusate autō — NA/TR · 5
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But if we say, ‘From men, all the people will stone us, for they are convinced [that] John was a prophet.
δὲ ἐὰν εἴπωμεν Ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἅπας ὁ λαὸς καταλιθάσει ἡμᾶς γάρ ἐστιν πεπεισμένος Ἰωάννην εἶναι προφήτην de ean eipōmen Ex anthrōpōn hapas ho laos katalithasei hēmas gar estin pepeismenos Iōannēn einai prophētēn — NA/TR · 6
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So they answered [that] vvv they did not know where [it was] from.
Καὶ ἀπεκρίθησαν μὴ εἰδέναι πόθεν Kai apekrithēsan mē eidenai pothen — NA/TR · 7
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And Jesus replied…, “Neither {will} I tell you by what authority I am doing these things.
Καὶ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Οὐδὲ ἐγὼ λέγω ὑμῖν ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ποιῶ ταῦτα Kai ho Iēsous eipen autois Oude egō legō hymin en poia exousia poiō tauta — NA/TR · 8
The Parable of the Wicked Tenants
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Then He proceeded to tell the people this parable: “A man planted a vineyard, rented it {out} to [some] tenants, and went away for a long time.
δὲ Ἤρξατο λέγειν πρὸς τὸν λαὸν ταύτην τὴν παραβολὴν τις Ἄνθρωπος ἐφύτευσεν ἀμπελῶνα καὶ ἐξέδετο αὐτὸν γεωργοῖς καὶ ἀπεδήμησεν ἱκανούς χρόνους de Ērxato legein pros ton laon tautēn tēn parabolēn tis Anthrōpos ephyteusen ampelōna kai exedeto auton geōrgois kai apedēmēsen hikanous chronous — NA/TR · 9
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- At harvest time, he sent a servant to the tenants to collect… [his share] of the fruit of the vineyard. But the tenants beat [the servant] [and] sent him away… empty-handed.
καὶ καιρῷ ἀπέστειλεν δοῦλον πρὸς τοὺς γεωργοὺς ἵνα δώσουσιν αὐτῷ ἀπὸ τοῦ καρποῦ τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος δὲ οἱ γεωργοὶ δείραντες ἐξαπέστειλαν αὐτὸν κενόν kai kairō apesteilen doulon pros tous geōrgous hina dōsousin autō apo tou karpou tou ampelōnos de hoi geōrgoi deirantes exapesteilan auton kenon — NA/TR · 10
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[So] vvv he sent another servant, but they beat [him] and treated him shamefully…, sending [him] away empty-handed.
Καὶ προσέθετο πέμψαι ἕτερον δοῦλον δὲ οἱ δείραντες καὶ ἀτιμάσαντες κἀκεῖνον ἐξαπέστειλαν κενόν Kai prosetheto pempsai heteron doulon de hoi deirantes kai atimasantes kakeinon exapesteilan kenon — NA/TR · 11
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Then vvv he sent a third, but… they wounded him [and] threw [him] out.
Καὶ προσέθετο πέμψαι τρίτον δὲ καὶ οἱ τραυματίσαντες τοῦτον ἐξέβαλον Kai prosetheto pempsai triton de kai hoi traumatisantes touton exebalon — NA/TR · 12
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‘What shall I do? asked the owner of the vineyard. ‘I will send my beloved son. Perhaps they will respect him.
Τί ποιήσω δὲ Εἶπεν ὁ κύριος τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος πέμψω μου τὸν ἀγαπητόν τὸν υἱόν ἴσως ἐντραπήσονται τοῦτον Ti poiēsō de Eipen ho kyrios tou ampelōnos pempsō mou ton agapēton ton huion isōs entrapēsontai touton — NA/TR · 13
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But when the tenants saw [the son], they discussed it among themselves [and] said, ‘This is the heir. Let us kill him, [and] the inheritance will be ours.
δὲ οἱ γεωργοὶ Ἰδόντες αὐτὸν διελογίζοντο πρὸς ἀλλήλους λέγοντες Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ κληρονόμος ἀποκτείνωμεν αὐτόν ἵνα ἡ κληρονομία γένηται ἡμῶν de hoi geōrgoi Idontes auton dielogizonto pros allēlous legontes Houtos estin ho klēronomos apokteinōmen auton hina hē klēronomia genētai hēmōn — NA/TR · 14
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So they threw him out of the vineyard [and] killed [him]. What then {will} the owner of the vineyard do to them?
καὶ ἐκβαλόντες αὐτὸν ἔξω τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος ἀπέκτειναν Τί οὖν ὁ κύριος τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος ποιήσει αὐτοῖς kai ekbalontes auton exō tou ampelōnos apekteinan Ti oun ho kyrios tou ampelōnos poiēsei autois — NA/TR · 15
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He will come and kill those tenants and give the vineyard to others. And [when the people] heard [this], they said, “vvv May such a thing never happen!
ἐλεύσεται καὶ ἀπολέσει τούτους τοὺς γεωργοὺς καὶ δώσει τὸν ἀμπελῶνα ἄλλοις δὲ Ἀκούσαντες εἶπαν Μὴ γένοιτο eleusetai kai apolesei toutous tous geōrgous kai dōsei ton ampelōna allois de Akousantes eipan Mē genoito — NA/TR · 16
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But [Jesus] looked directly at them [and] said, “Then what is the meaning of that which is written: ‘[The] stone the builders rejected has become… [the] cornerstone…’
δὲ Ὁ ἐμβλέψας αὐτοῖς εἶπεν οὖν Τί ἐστιν τοῦτο τὸ γεγραμμένον Λίθον ὃν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες ἀπεδοκίμασαν Οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας de Ho emblepsas autois eipen oun Ti estin touto to gegrammenon Lithon hon hoi oikodomountes apedokimasan Houtos egenēthē eis kephalēn gōnias — NA/TR · 17
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Everyone who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces, but vvv he on whom… it falls will be crushed…
Πᾶς ὁ πεσὼν ἐπ’ ἐκεῖνον τὸν λίθον συνθλασθήσεται δ’ ἐφ’ ὃν ἂν πέσῃ λικμήσει αὐτόν Pas ho pesōn ep’ ekeinon ton lithon synthlasthēsetai d’ eph’ hon an pesē likmēsei auton — NA/TR · 18
Paying Taxes to Caesar
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[When] the scribes and chief priests realized that [Jesus] had spoken this parable against them, they sought to arrest… Him vvv that very hour. But they were afraid of the people.
Καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖς καὶ οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς γὰρ ἔγνωσαν ὅτι εἶπεν ταύτην τὴν παραβολὴν πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἐζήτησαν ἐπιβαλεῖν τὰς χεῖρας ἐπ’ αὐτὸν ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν τὸν λαόν Kai hoi grammateis kai hoi archiereis gar egnōsan hoti eipen tautēn tēn parabolēn pros autous ezētēsan epibalein tas cheiras ep’ auton en autē tē hōra kai ephobēthēsan ton laon — NA/TR · 19
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So they watched [Him] closely [and] sent spies who pretended to be sincere. They were hoping to catch [Him] in His words in order to hand Him over… to the rule and authority of the governor.
Καὶ παρατηρήσαντες ἀπέστειλαν ἐνκαθέτους ὑποκρινομένους ἑαυτοὺς εἶναι δικαίους ἵνα ἐπιλάβωνται αὐτοῦ λόγου ὥστε παραδοῦναι αὐτὸν τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος Kai paratērēsantes apesteilan enkathetous hypokrinomenous heautous einai dikaious hina epilabōntai autou logou hōste paradounai auton tē archē kai tē exousia tou hēgemonos — NA/TR · 20
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“Teacher, they inquired…, “we know that You speak and teach correctly. You show no partiality… but teach the way of God in accordance with the truth.
Διδάσκαλε καὶ ἐπηρώτησαν αὐτὸν λέγοντες οἴδαμεν ὅτι λέγεις καὶ διδάσκεις ὀρθῶς καὶ οὐ λαμβάνεις πρόσωπον ἀλλ’ διδάσκεις τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπ’ ἀληθείας Didaskale kai epērōtēsan auton legontes oidamen hoti legeis kai didaskeis orthōs kai ou lambaneis prosōpon all’ didaskeis tēn hodon tou Theou ep’ alētheias — NA/TR · 21
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Is it lawful for us to pay taxes to Caesar or not?
ἔξεστιν ἡμᾶς δοῦναι φόρον Καίσαρι ἢ οὔ exestin hēmas dounai phoron Kaisari ē ou — NA/TR · 22
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But [Jesus] saw through their duplicity [and] said to them,
δὲ Κατανοήσας αὐτῶν τὴν πανουργίαν εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς de Katanoēsas autōn tēn panourgian eipen pros autous — NA/TR · 23
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“Show Me a denarius. Whose image and inscription are on it? “Caesar’s, - they answered.
Δείξατέ μοι δηνάριον τίνος εἰκόνα καὶ ἐπιγραφήν ἔχει Καίσαρος δὲ Οἱ εἶπαν Deixate moi dēnarion tinos eikona kai epigraphēn echei Kaisaros de Hoi eipan — NA/TR · 24
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δὲ Ὁ Τοίνυν εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς ἀπόδοτε Καίσαρι τὰ Καίσαρος καὶ τῷ Θεῷ τὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ de Ho Toinyn eipen pros autous apodote Kaisari ta Kaisaros kai tō Theō ta tou Theou — NA/TR · 25
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And vvv they were unable to trap Him in His words before the people. And amazed at His answer, they fell silent.
Καὶ οὐκ ἴσχυσαν ἐπιλαβέσθαι αὐτοῦ ῥήματος ἐναντίον τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ θαυμάσαντες ἐπὶ αὐτοῦ τῇ ἀποκρίσει ἐσίγησαν Kai ouk ischysan epilabesthai autou rhēmatos enantion tou laou kai thaumasantes epi autou tē apokrisei esigēsan — NA/TR · 26
The Sadducees and the Resurrection
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Then some of the Sadducees, who say there is no… resurrection, came to question Him.
δέ τινες τῶν Σαδδουκαίων οἱ ἀντιλέγοντες μὴ εἶναι ἀνάστασιν Προσελθόντες ἐπηρώτησαν αὐτὸν de tines tōn Saddoukaiōn hoi antilegontes mē einai anastasin Proselthontes epērōtēsan auton — NA/TR · 27
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“Teacher, they said, “Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies [and] leaves a wife but vvv vvv no children, vvv vvv [the man] is to marry [his brother’s] [widow] and raise up offspring for vvv [him].
Διδάσκαλε λέγοντες Μωϋσῆς ἔγραψεν ἡμῖν ἐάν τινος ἀδελφὸς ἀποθάνῃ ἔχων γυναῖκα καὶ οὗτος ᾖ ἄτεκνος ἵνα αὐτοῦ ὁ ἀδελφὸς λάβῃ τὴν γυναῖκα καὶ ἐξαναστήσῃ σπέρμα τῷ αὐτοῦ ἀδελφῷ Didaskale legontes Mōusēs egrapsen hēmin ean tinos adelphos apothanē echōn gynaika kai houtos ē ateknos hina autou ho adelphos labē tēn gynaika kai exanastēsē sperma tō autou adelphō — NA/TR · 28
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Now there were seven brothers. The first [one] married a wife [but] died childless.
οὖν ἦσαν ἑπτὰ ἀδελφοὶ καὶ ὁ πρῶτος λαβὼν γυναῖκα ἀπέθανεν ἄτεκνος oun ēsan hepta adelphoi kai ho prōtos labōn gynaika apethanen ateknos — NA/TR · 29
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Then the second
καὶ ὁ δεύτερος kai ho deuteros — NA/TR · 30
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and the third married [the widow], and in the same way… [all] seven died, leaving no children.
καὶ ὁ τρίτος ἔλαβεν αὐτήν δὲ ὡσαύτως καὶ οἱ ἑπτὰ καὶ ἀπέθανον κατέλιπον οὐ τέκνα kai ho tritos elaben autēn de hōsautōs kai hoi hepta kai apethanon katelipon ou tekna — NA/TR · 31
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And last of all, the woman died.
καὶ ὕστερον ἡ γυνὴ ἀπέθανεν kai hysteron hē gynē apethanen — NA/TR · 32
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So then, in the resurrection, - whose… wife will she be? For [all] seven vvv were married to her.
οὖν ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει ἡ γυνὴ τίνος αὐτῶν γυνή γίνεται γὰρ οἱ ἑπτὰ ἔσχον γυναῖκα αὐτὴν oun en tē anastasei hē gynē tinos autōn gynē ginetai gar hoi hepta eschon gynaika autēn — NA/TR · 33
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- Jesus answered…, “The sons of this age marry and are given in marriage.
Καὶ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Οἱ υἱοὶ τούτου τοῦ αἰῶνος γαμοῦσιν καὶ γαμίσκονται Kai ho Iēsous eipen autois Hoi huioi toutou tou aiōnos gamousin kai gamiskontai — NA/TR · 34
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But those who are considered worthy to share in the age [to come] and in the resurrection from [the] dead {will} neither marry nor be given in marriage.
δὲ οἱ καταξιωθέντες τυχεῖν ἐκείνου τοῦ αἰῶνος καὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως τῆς ἐκ νεκρῶν οὔτε γαμοῦσιν οὔτε γαμίζονται de hoi kataxiōthentes tychein ekeinou tou aiōnos kai tēs anastaseōs tēs ek nekrōn oute gamousin oute gamizontai — NA/TR · 35
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In fact, they can no longer die, because they are like [the] angels. And since they are sons of the resurrection, they are sons of God.
γὰρ δύνανται οὐδὲ ἔτι ἀποθανεῖν γάρ εἰσιν ἰσάγγελοι καὶ ὄντες υἱοὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως εἰσιν υἱοί Θεοῦ gar dynantai oude eti apothanein gar eisin isangeloi kai ontes huioi tēs anastaseōs eisin huioi Theou — NA/TR · 36
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vvv Even Moses demonstrates that the dead are raised, [ in the passage ] about the [ burning ] bush. For he calls [the] Lord ‘the God of Abraham, [the] God of Isaac, and [the] God of Jacob.’
δὲ καὶ Μωϋσῆς ἐμήνυσεν Ὅτι οἱ νεκροὶ ἐγείρονται ἐπὶ τῆς Βάτου ὡς λέγει Κύριον Τὸν Θεὸν Ἀβραὰμ καὶ Θεὸν Ἰσαὰκ καὶ Θεὸν Ἰακώβ de kai Mōusēs emēnysen Hoti hoi nekroi egeirontai epi tēs Batou hōs legei Kyrion Ton Theon Abraam kai Theon Isaak kai Theon Iakōb — NA/TR · 37
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- He is not [the] God of [the] dead, but of [the] living, for to Him all are alive.
δὲ ἔστιν οὐκ Θεὸς νεκρῶν ἀλλὰ ζώντων γὰρ αὐτῷ πάντες ζῶσιν de estin ouk Theos nekrōn alla zōntōn gar autō pantes zōsin — NA/TR · 38
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- Some of the scribes answered…, “Teacher, You have spoken well!
δέ τινες τῶν γραμματέων Ἀποκριθέντες εἶπαν Διδάσκαλε εἶπας καλῶς de tines tōn grammateōn Apokrithentes eipan Didaskale eipas kalōs — NA/TR · 39
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And vvv they did not dare to question Him any [further].
γὰρ οὐκέτι ἐτόλμων ἐπερωτᾶν αὐτὸν οὐδέν gar ouketi etolmōn eperōtan auton ouden — NA/TR · 40
Whose Son Is the Christ?
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Then [Jesus] declared…, “How can it be said that the Christ is [the] Son of David?
δὲ Εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς Πῶς λέγουσιν τὸν Χριστὸν εἶναι υἱόν Δαυὶδ de Eipen pros autous Pōs legousin ton Christon einai huion Dauid — NA/TR · 41
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For David himself says in [the] book of Psalms: ‘[The] Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at My right hand
γὰρ Δαυὶδ αὐτὸς λέγει ἐν βίβλῳ ψαλμῶν Κύριος Εἶπεν μου τῷ Κυρίῳ Κάθου ἐκ μου δεξιῶν gar Dauid autos legei en biblō psalmōn Kyrios Eipen mou tō Kyriō Kathou ek mou dexiōn — NA/TR · 42
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until… I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet.”’
Ἕως ἂν θῶ σου τοὺς ἐχθρούς Ὑποπόδιον τῶν σου ποδῶν Heōs an thō sou tous echthrous Hypopodion tōn sou podōn — NA/TR · 43
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Thus David calls Him ‘Lord.’ So how can He be [David’s] son?
οὖν Δαυὶδ καλεῖ αὐτὸν Κύριον καὶ πῶς ἐστιν αὐτοῦ υἱός oun Dauid kalei auton Kyrion kai pōs estin autou huios — NA/TR · 44
Beware of the Scribes
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In the hearing of all the people, [Jesus] said to His disciples,
Ἀκούοντος δὲ παντὸς τοῦ λαοῦ εἶπεν τοῖς αὐτοῦ μαθηταῖς Akouontos de pantos tou laou eipen tois autou mathētais — NA/TR · 45
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“Beware of the scribes. They like to walk around in long robes, and they love [the] greetings in the marketplaces, [the] chief seats in the synagogues, and [the] places of honor at banquets.
Προσέχετε ἀπὸ τῶν γραμματέων τῶν θελόντων περιπατεῖν ἐν στολαῖς καὶ φιλούντων ἀσπασμοὺς ἐν ταῖς ἀγοραῖς καὶ πρωτοκαθεδρίας ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς καὶ πρωτοκλισίας ἐν τοῖς δείπνοις Prosechete apo tōn grammateōn tōn thelontōn peripatein en stolais kai philountōn aspasmous en tais agorais kai prōtokathedrias en tais synagōgais kai prōtoklisias en tois deipnois — NA/TR · 46
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[They] defraud widows [of their] houses, and for a show vvv make lengthy prayers. These [men] will receive greater condemnation.
οἳ κατεσθίουσιν τῶν χηρῶν τὰς οἰκίας καὶ προφάσει προσεύχονται μακρὰ οὗτοι λήμψονται περισσότερον κρίμα hoi katesthiousin tōn chērōn tas oikias kai prophasei proseuchontai makra houtoi lēmpsontai perissoteron krima — NA/TR · 47