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Chapter 4
Sons and Heirs
1
[What] I am saying [is that] as long as… the heir is a child, he is no different… from a slave, [although] he is the owner of everything.
δέ Λέγω ἐφ’ ὅσον χρόνον ὁ κληρονόμος ἐστιν νήπιός διαφέρει οὐδὲν δούλου ὤν κύριος πάντων de Legō eph’ hoson chronon ho klēronomos estin nēpios diapherei ouden doulou ōn kyrios pantōn — NA/TR · 1
2
- He is subject to guardians and trustees until the date set by [his] father.
ἀλλὰ ἐστὶν ὑπὸ ἐπιτρόπους καὶ οἰκονόμους ἄχρι τῆς προθεσμίας τοῦ πατρός alla estin hypo epitropous kai oikonomous achri tēs prothesmias tou patros — NA/TR · 2
3
So also, when we were children, we were enslaved under the basic principles of the world.
οὕτως καὶ ὅτε ἦμεν νήπιοι ἡμεῖς ἤμεθα δεδουλωμένοι ὑπὸ τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου houtōs kai hote ēmen nēpioi hēmeis ēmetha dedoulōmenoi hypo ta stoicheia tou kosmou — NA/TR · 3
4
But when the time {had} fully come, God sent His Son, born of a woman, born under [the] law,
δὲ Ὅτε τὸ τοῦ χρόνου πλήρωμα ἦλθεν ὁ Θεὸς ἐξαπέστειλεν αὐτοῦ τὸν Υἱὸν γενόμενον ἐκ γυναικός γενόμενον ὑπὸ νόμον de Hote to tou chronou plērōma ēlthen ho Theos exapesteilen autou ton Huion genomenon ek gynaikos genomenon hypo nomon — NA/TR · 4
5
- to redeem those under [the] law, that we might receive [our] adoption as sons.
ἵνα ἐξαγοράσῃ τοὺς ὑπὸ νόμον ἵνα ἀπολάβωμεν τὴν υἱοθεσίαν hina exagorasē tous hypo nomon hina apolabōmen tēn huiothesian — NA/TR · 5
6
And because you are sons, God sent the Spirit of His Son into our hearts, crying out, “Abba, Father!
δέ Ὅτι ἐστε υἱοί ὁ Θεὸς ἐξαπέστειλεν τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ αὐτοῦ Υἱοῦ εἰς ἡμῶν τὰς καρδίας κρᾶζον Ἀββᾶ ὁ Πατήρ de Hoti este huioi ho Theos exapesteilen to Pneuma tou autou Huiou eis hēmōn tas kardias krazon Abba ho Patēr — NA/TR · 6
7
So you are no longer a slave, but a son; and since [you are] a son, [you are] also an heir through God.
ὥστε εἶ οὐκέτι δοῦλος ἀλλὰ υἱός δὲ εἰ υἱός καὶ κληρονόμος διὰ Θεοῦ hōste ei ouketi doulos alla huios de ei huios kai klēronomos dia Theou — NA/TR · 7
Paul’s Concern for the Galatians
8
- Formerly, vvv when you did not know God, you were slaves to those who by nature are not gods.
Ἀλλὰ μὲν τότε οὐκ εἰδότες Θεὸν ἐδουλεύσατε τοῖς φύσει οὖσιν μὴ θεοῖς Alla men tote ouk eidotes Theon edouleusate tois physei ousin mē theois — NA/TR · 8
9
But now that you know God, or rather vvv are known by God, how [is it that] you are turning back to those weak and worthless principles? Do you wish to be enslaved by [them] all over again?
δὲ νῦν γνόντες Θεόν μᾶλλον δὲ γνωσθέντες ὑπὸ Θεοῦ πῶς ἐπιστρέφετε πάλιν ἐπὶ τὰ ἀσθενῆ καὶ πτωχὰ στοιχεῖα θέλετε δουλεύειν οἷς ἄνωθεν πάλιν de nyn gnontes Theon mallon de gnōsthentes hypo Theou pōs epistrephete palin epi ta asthenē kai ptōcha stoicheia thelete douleuein hois anōthen palin — NA/TR · 9
10
You are observing [special] days and months and seasons and years!
παρατηρεῖσθε ἡμέρας καὶ μῆνας καὶ καιροὺς καὶ ἐνιαυτούς paratēreisthe hēmeras kai mēnas kai kairous kai eniautous — NA/TR · 10
11
I fear for you, [that] my efforts for you may have been in vain.
φοβοῦμαι ὑμᾶς μή κεκοπίακα εἰς ὑμᾶς πως εἰκῇ phoboumai hymas mē kekopiaka eis hymas pōs eikē — NA/TR · 11
12
I beg you, brothers, become like me, for I became like you. You have done me no wrong…
δέομαι ὑμῶν ἀδελφοί Γίνεσθε ὡς ἐγώ ὅτι κἀγὼ ὡς ὑμεῖς ἠδικήσατε με οὐδέν deomai hymōn adelphoi Ginesthe hōs egō hoti kagō hōs hymeis ēdikēsate me ouden — NA/TR · 12
13
- You know that it was because of an illness… [that] I first preached the gospel… to you.
δὲ Οἴδατε ὅτι δι’ ἀσθένειαν τῆς σαρκὸς εὐηγγελισάμην τὸ πρότερον ὑμῖν de Oidate hoti di’ astheneian tēs sarkos euēngelisamēn to proteron hymin — NA/TR · 13
14
And [although] my [illness] [was a] trial to you, vvv you did not despise [or] reject [me]. Instead, you welcomed me as if [I were] an angel of God, as if [I were] Christ Jesus [Himself].
καὶ ἐν τῇ μου σαρκί τὸν πειρασμὸν ὑμῶν οὐκ ἐξουθενήσατε οὐδὲ ἐξεπτύσατε ἀλλὰ ἐδέξασθέ με ὡς ἄγγελον Θεοῦ ὡς Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν kai en tē mou sarki ton peirasmon hymōn ouk exouthenēsate oude exeptysate alla edexasthe me hōs angelon Theou hōs Christon Iēsoun — NA/TR · 14
15
What then [has become] of your blessing? For I can testify that, if [it were] possible, you would have torn out your eyes [and] given [them] to me.
ποῦ οὖν ὑμῶν ὁ μακαρισμὸς γὰρ μαρτυρῶ ὑμῖν ὅτι εἰ δυνατὸν ἐξορύξαντες ὑμῶν τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἐδώκατέ μοι pou oun hymōn ho makarismos gar martyrō hymin hoti ei dynaton exoryxantes hymōn tous ophthalmous edōkate moi — NA/TR · 15
16
vvv Have I now become your enemy [by] telling you the truth…?
ὥστε γέγονα ὑμῶν ἐχθρὸς ἀληθεύων ὑμῖν hōste gegona hymōn echthros alētheuōn hymin — NA/TR · 16
17
[Those people] are zealous for you…, [but] not in a good way. Instead, they want to isolate you [from us], so that you may be zealous for them.
Ζηλοῦσιν ὑμᾶς οὐ καλῶς ἀλλὰ θέλουσιν ἐκκλεῖσαι ὑμᾶς ἵνα ζηλοῦτε αὐτοὺς Zēlousin hymas ou kalōs alla thelousin ekkleisai hymas hina zēloute autous — NA/TR · 17
18
Nevertheless, [it is] good to be zealous if it serves a noble [purpose]— at any time, and not only when I am vvv with you.
δὲ καλὸν ζηλοῦσθαι ἐν καλῷ πάντοτε καὶ μὴ μόνον ἐν με τῷ παρεῖναί πρὸς ὑμᾶς de kalon zēlousthai en kalō pantote kai mē monon en me tō pareinai pros hymas — NA/TR · 18
19
My children, for whom I am again in the pains of childbirth until Christ is formed in you,
μου Τέκνα οὓς πάλιν ὠδίνω μέχρις οὗ Χριστὸς μορφωθῇ ἐν ὑμῖν mou Tekna hous palin ōdinō mechris hou Christos morphōthē en hymin — NA/TR · 19
20
[how] I wish I could be with you now and change my tone, because I am perplexed about you.
δὲ ἤθελον παρεῖναι πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἄρτι καὶ ἀλλάξαι μου τὴν φωνήν ὅτι ἀποροῦμαι ἐν ὑμῖν de ēthelon pareinai pros hymas arti kai allaxai mou tēn phōnēn hoti aporoumai en hymin — NA/TR · 20
Hagar and Sarah
21
Tell me, [you] who want to be under [the] law, vvv do you not understand [what] the law [says]?
Λέγετέ μοι οἱ θέλοντες εἶναι ὑπὸ νόμον οὐκ ἀκούετε τὸν νόμον Legete moi hoi thelontes einai hypo nomon ouk akouete ton nomon — NA/TR · 21
22
For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman and [the other] by the free [woman].
γὰρ γέγραπται ὅτι Ἀβραὰμ ἔσχεν δύο υἱοὺς ἕνα ἐκ τῆς παιδίσκης καὶ ἕνα ἐκ τῆς ἐλευθέρας gar gegraptai hoti Abraam eschen dyo huious hena ek tēs paidiskēs kai hena ek tēs eleutheras — NA/TR · 22
23
- His [son] by the slave woman was born according to [the] flesh, [but] [his son] by the free [woman] [was born] through the promise.
ἀλλ’ μὲν ὁ ἐκ τῆς παιδίσκης γεγέννηται κατὰ σάρκα δὲ ὁ ἐκ τῆς ἐλευθέρας δι’ τῆς ἐπαγγελίας all’ men ho ek tēs paidiskēs gegennētai kata sarka de ho ek tēs eleutheras di’ tēs epangelias — NA/TR · 23
24
These [things] vvv serve as illustrations, for [the women] represent two covenants. One [covenant] [is] from Mount Sinai [and bears] children into slavery: This is Hagar.
ἅτινά ἐστιν ἀλληγορούμενα γάρ αὗται εἰσιν δύο διαθῆκαι μὲν μία ἀπὸ ὄρους Σινᾶ γεννῶσα εἰς δουλείαν ἥτις ἐστὶν Ἁγάρ hatina estin allēgoroumena gar hautai eisin dyo diathēkai men mia apo orous Sina gennōsa eis douleian hētis estin Hagar — NA/TR · 24
25
Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present-day Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children.
δὲ τὸ Ἁγὰρ ἐστὶν ὄρος Σινᾶ ἐν τῇ Ἀραβίᾳ δὲ συστοιχεῖ τῇ νῦν Ἰερουσαλήμ γὰρ δουλεύει μετὰ αὐτῆς τῶν τέκνων de to Hagar estin oros Sina en tē Arabia de systoichei tē nyn Ierousalēm gar douleuei meta autēs tōn teknōn — NA/TR · 25
26
But the Jerusalem above is free, [and she] is our mother.
δὲ ἡ Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἄνω ἐστίν ἐλευθέρα ἥτις ἐστὶν ἡμῶν μήτηρ de hē Ierousalēm anō estin eleuthera hētis estin hēmōn mētēr — NA/TR · 26
27
For it is written: “Rejoice, [O] barren woman, who vvv bears no children; break forth and cry aloud, [you] who {have} never travailed; because vvv more [are] the children of the desolate woman than of her who has a husband.”
γάρ γέγραπται Εὐφράνθητι στεῖρα ἡ οὐ τίκτουσα ῥῆξον καὶ βόησον ἡ οὐκ ὠδίνουσα ὅτι πολλὰ μᾶλλον τὰ τέκνα τῆς ἐρήμου ἢ τῆς ἐχούσης τὸν ἄνδρα gar gegraptai Euphranthēti steira hē ou tiktousa rhēxon kai boēson hē ouk ōdinousa hoti polla mallon ta tekna tēs erēmou ē tēs echousēs ton andra — NA/TR · 27
28
Now you, brothers, like Isaac, are children of promise.
δέ Ὑμεῖς ἀδελφοί κατὰ Ἰσαὰκ ἐστέ τέκνα ἐπαγγελίας de Hymeis adelphoi kata Isaak este tekna epangelias — NA/TR · 28
29
At that time, however, the [son] born by [the] flesh persecuted the [son born] by [the] Spirit. vvv [It is] the same… now.
τότε ἀλλ’ ὁ γεννηθεὶς κατὰ σάρκα ἐδίωκεν τὸν κατὰ Πνεῦμα ὥσπερ οὕτως καὶ νῦν tote all’ ho gennētheis kata sarka ediōken ton kata Pneuma hōsper houtōs kai nyn — NA/TR · 29
30
But what {does} the Scripture say? “Expel the slave woman and her son, for the vvv slave woman’s son vvv vvv will never share in the inheritance with the vvv free [woman’s] son.”
Ἀλλὰ τί ἡ γραφή λέγει Ἔκβαλε τὴν παιδίσκην καὶ αὐτῆς τὸν υἱὸν γὰρ ὁ τῆς παιδίσκης υἱὸς οὐ μὴ κληρονομήσει μετὰ τοῦ τῆς ἐλευθέρας υἱοῦ Alla ti hē graphē legei Ekbale tēn paidiskēn kai autēs ton huion gar ho tēs paidiskēs huios ou mē klēronomēsei meta tou tēs eleutheras huiou — NA/TR · 30
31
Therefore, brothers, we are not children of [the] slave woman, but of the free [woman].
διό ἀδελφοί ἐσμὲν οὐκ τέκνα παιδίσκης ἀλλὰ τῆς ἐλευθέρας dio adelphoi esmen ouk tekna paidiskēs alla tēs eleutheras — NA/TR · 31